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ENDOSCOPIA

TIPOS DE ENDOSCOPIAS

La rinoscopia no sólo nos permite ver los distintos cornetes nasales sino que también nos permitirá poder tomar muestras para biopsia, cultivo y antibiograma y también poder realizar lavados si es necesario.

Rinoscopia veterinaria: ¿cuándo está indicada?

La rinoscopia es una técnica diagnóstica mínimamente invasiva que permite explorar con detalle las cavidades nasales. Está especialmente indicada en los siguientes casos:

  • Secreción nasal crónica, unilateral o bilateral

  • Estornudos crónicos o recurrentes

  • Estornudo agudo (en caso de sospecha de cuerpo extraño)

  • Deformación del puente nasal

  • Epistaxis (sangrado nasal), unilateral o bilateral

  • Dolor o hipersensibilidad nasal

  • Estridor nasal (sonido anormal al respirar)

  • Úlceras en el hocico

  • Estornudo inverso intenso o persistente

También se recomienda ante la sospecha de:

  • Rinitis bacteriana, fúngica o parasitaria

  • Pólipos nasales

  • Neoplasias (tumores)

  • Otras alteraciones estructurales del tracto respiratorio superior

Video-otoscopía veterinaria: ¿cuándo está indicada?

La video-otoscopía es una técnica avanzada que permite explorar con detalle el conducto auditivo y la membrana timpánica con imágenes de alta calidad y magnificación. Está especialmente recomendada en los siguientes casos:

  • Otitis externa crónica y recurrente

  • Otitis media (inflamación del oído medio)

  • Cuando no se puede visualizar correctamente el tímpano durante la consulta habitual

  • Presencia de cuerpos extraños o masas dentro del conducto auditivo

  • Sospecha de pólipos nasofaríngeos en gatos o síndrome de Horner

  • Limpieza profunda del oído bajo anestesia general, cuando hay una gran acumulación de secreción y se quiere iniciar un tratamiento tópico eficaz aprovechando para hacer una evaluación completa del tímpano

Ventajas de la video-otoscopía respecto a la otoscopía convencional:

  • Mayor capacidad de magnificación, permitiendo visualizar con detalle las estructuras internas

  • Mejor iluminación del campo quirúrgico o de diagnóstico

  • Uso de instrumental como pinzas y catéteres a través del canal de trabajo del endoscopio

  • Opción de grabación en formato digital, útil para hacer seguimiento clínico o compartir con el propietario

Laringoscopia veterinaria: ¿cuándo está indicada?

La laringoscopia es una técnica endoscópica que permite examinar visualmente la laringe y las vías respiratorias altas. Es clave para diagnosticar problemas respiratorios y alteraciones estructurales.

Principales indicaciones:

  • Estridor o ruidos respiratorios en vías altas

  • Intolerancia al ejercicio o fatiga excesiva

  • Dificultad respiratoria evidente (distrés respiratorio)

  • Aumento del esfuerzo inspiratorio o inspiración prolongada

  • Cambios en la vocalización o el ladrido

  • Tos durante la ingestión de comida o agua

Uretroscopia veterinaria: ¿cuándo está indicada?

La uretroscopia es una técnica diagnóstica mínimamente invasiva que permite visualizar el interior de la uretra y la vejiga urinaria mediante una cámara endoscópica. Solo puede realizarse en hembras debido a razones anatómicas.

Indicaciones principales:

  • Polaquiuria (orinar con mucha frecuencia)

  • Infecciones urinarias recurrentes o crónicas

  • Hematuria persistente (presencia de sangre en la orina)

  • Disuria / Estranguria (dolor o dificultad al orinar)

Esta técnica permite detectar anomalías como tumores, cuerpos extraños, estenosis uretral o inflamaciones crónicas que no se identifican con pruebas convencionales.

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La videoendoscopia nos permite visualizar el estado de la mucosa esofágica, gástrica y principio del duodeno. Sin en animales de pequeño tamaño y algunos gatos puede que no se pueda visualizar el duodeno debido del tamaño del videoendoscopia. Aparte de ver las estructuras nos permitirá poder tomar muestras para biopsia y poder llegar a un mejor diagnóstico o la extracción de cuerpos extraños sin la necesidad de hacer cirugías invasivas.

Gastroduodenoscopia veterinaria: ¿cuándo está indicada?

La gastroduodenoscopia es una técnica endoscópica que permite visualizar el interior del esófago, estómago y duodeno, facilitando el diagnóstico de enfermedades gastrointestinales de forma mínimamente invasiva.

Indicaciones principales (ante sospecha de alteraciones digestivas):

  • Náuseas y ptialismo (salivación excesiva)

  • Vómitos o hematemesis (vómitos con sangre)

  • Diarrea o melena (heces oscuras o con sangre digerida)

  • Falta de apetito o anorexia

  • Pérdida de peso sin causa aparente

  • Dolor abdominal recurrente

Antes de realizar una gastroduodenoscopia, es recomendable completar el siguiente protocolo diagnóstico:

  • Hemograma y bioquímica

  • Coprológico (análisis de heces)

  • Radiografía o ecografía abdominal

  • Determinación de folato y cobalamina

  • Pruebas pancreáticas: cPLI / fPLI

  • Manejo digestivo empírico y cambio de dieta

Colonoscopía: ¿Cuándo está indicada?

La colonoscopía está indicada en pacientes que presentan los siguientes síntomas:

  • Vómitos

  • Diarrea / melena / hematoquecia

  • Tenesmo / flatulencia

  • Pérdida de apetito / anorexia

  • Pérdida de peso

  • Dolor abdominal

Antes de realizar una colonoscopía, se recomienda seguir un protocolo diagnóstico previo que incluya:

  • Hemograma y perfil bioquímico

  • Análisis coprológico

  • Estudio radiográfico y ecográfico abdominal

  • Niveles de folato y cobalamina

  • Pruebas cPLI y fPLI

  • Tratamiento gastrointestinal empírico y modificación dietética

NASOFARINGOSCOPIA

La nasofaringoscopia es una técnica endoscópica que forma parte del examen de rinoscopia y permite explorar la región de la nasofaringe para diagnosticar trastornos respiratorios altos.

Indicaciones más comunes:

  • Estornudo inverso frecuente

  • Sibilancias durante la inspiración nasal

  • Estridor nasal en la inspiración

  • Disfagia (dificultad para tragar)

 

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